Showing posts with label public sector pay. Show all posts
Showing posts with label public sector pay. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Senior Irish public sector pay levels will define Irish competitiveness in 2012

2009 09 01_0378_edited-1The General Government Debt of Ireland has soared from €144.4 billion (93% of GDP) in 2010 to €166.1 billion by the end 2011 (107% of GDP).  General Government Debt measures the total debt of the State and is used as a comparative measure across the European Union.  But to judge top-level public sector pay in the country one could be forgiven for thinking that the Celtic Tiger is still jiving!

The main story in today’s edition of the Irish Independent (3 Jan 2012) reports a difference of opinion between Finance Minister, Michael Noonan and Public Expenditure Minister, Brendan Howlin about how much the next Secretary-General of the department of Finance is to be paid. Noonan wants to bust the Governments €200,000 per annum pay cap on civil servants because apparently several candidates are ‘put off by curbs on salary and perks’, according to the Independent. Some overseas applicants are skittish about no reimbursement to attend interviews and no relocation expenses. But times have changed in Ireland from the time that the chief executive of an internation charity that raises funds for worthy causes in Ireland could be paid a severance package close to €400,000 and remuneration of over €700,000 while State agencies paid close to €8,000 per table to host a party of ten guests at a charity’s fund-raising dinner.

Public sector employment implies service to the public and senior public sector employees across the world are typically paid less than their counterparts at an equivalent level in the private sector.

It is interesting to compare rates of top-level public service pay in Ireland with those in other jurisdictions. The ten highest paid public sector office holders in the United States are:

10. Hilary Clinton, Secretary of State €144,500

9. Timothy Geithner, Secretary of the Treasury, €147,700

8. Harry Reid, Senate Majority Leader, €149,300

7. Benjamin Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve, €154,170

6. John Roberts, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, €167,900

5. Admiral Michael Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, €170,400

4. John Boehner, Speaker of the House, €172,550

3. Joseph Biden, Vice President, €175,500

2. Patrick Donohue, Postmaster General, €189,140

1. Barrack Obama, President of the United States, €309,000

The Permanent Secretary of HM Treasury is paid within the range €209,000 - €215,000, a rate that takes into account that London is ranked 18th highest in terms of global cost of living.

The recently reported 15% pay cut in 2012 that will save the State €138,000 and the waiving of potentially hefty bonuses by the chief executives of National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA) and National Asset Management Agency (NAMA, Ireland’s bad bank) may seem like an extraordinarily benevolent personal gesture There are 14 executives of NTMA and NAMA in receipt of an annual salary of more than €250,000.

The salary of the chief executive of NTMA will apparently be reduced to €416,500 in 2012, compared to the reported €1 million paid to the post-holder in 2008.  This reduction occurs at a time when Ireland is not fit to be in the bond market, but this level of remuneration is still 215% higher than the combined salary and performance pay of the chief executive of the UK Debt Management Agency who oversees exchequer borrowing that is almost nine times greater than the current record-high General Government Debt of Ireland.  It is also noteworthy that 35% of the British national debt is owing to parties outside Britain compared to 85% in the case of Ireland before Troika package became available, a clear indication of the wealth creation capacity of both nations.

Is there not a case for reintegrating these agencies into the Department of Finance from which NTMA was spawned over twenty years ago and dispensing with remuneration policies and practices that bear absolutely no relationship to the cost burden on taxpayers for similar work in other jurisdictions, or the capacity of the State to pay? A strategic move of this nature would clearly signal the Government's unambiguous priority to make Ireland globally competitive and economically robust.

Thursday, July 23, 2009

Who pays income tax in Ireland?

map A total of 2,261,236 individuals were liable for income tax in Ireland in 2006 – a time of full employment when the labour force had reached a record high. 41% of these people, 926,100  earned less than €20,000 and were liable for very little income tax.  214 individuals earned more than €500,000 and they paid over €34 million in income tax.  85 individuals earned over €1 million and 25 of these earned over €2 million in 2006.

revenue Income tax accounted for 27% of the overall taxation revenue of the Irish Government in 2006.  Curiously, the projected yield from income tax this year, €12.47 billion, is slightly ahead of the 2006 return – despite there being 418,000 on the Live Register compared to 155,000 in 2006.

The total gross income (before adjustments and allowances) in 2006 of 2,261,136 earners was €81,517,980,000 (€81.5 billion) on which income tax of €11,976,340,000 was charged.  Allowances, deductions, reliefs and exemptions reduced the gross income figure to €76,494,900,000.  Tax credits amounted to €8,537,700,000.  The average tax wedge on gross income was 14.7% and on taxable income 15.7%.  Gross individual income represented 46% of Gross Domestic Product in 2006.

The ‘Schedule E’ - (PAYE component) of gross income was €66,956,400,000 and the public sector element of this in 2006 was €16.71 billion – 25% of the total salary and waged component.

The following table summarises the demographic profile of taxpayers

Category

Number of taxpayers

€
Gross Income

€
Tax

Single males

774,968

19,763,200,000

2,735,810,000

Single females

665,682

14,801,160,000

1,745,000,000

Married,
both earning

391,212

29,174,110,000

4,860,930,000

Married,
one earning

354,072

15,720,150,000

2,416,630,000

Widowers

19,101

669,420,000

94,240,000

Widows

56,101

€1,389,950,000

€123,740,000

TOTAL

2,261,136

81,517,990,000

11,976,350,000

904,944 taxpayers are exempted from income tax on grounds of low income or having sufficient credits, reliefs and allowances. 

957,233 taxpayers pay income tax at the 20% rate.  Their average income is €32,446 per annum and their tax wedge is 8.8%

The balance, 398,969 taxpayers, pay tax at the 42% rate and their average income in 2006 was €89,477 per annum.

The latter group represent middle-income earners and they suffer a a higher tax wedge – summarised for each category as follows:

 

Middle Income Earners

Average Income

Tax Wedge

Single males

€66,379

25.6%

Single females

€58,979

24.2%

Married, both earning

€120,607

25.1%

Married, one earning

€111,208

27.3%

Widowers

€75,285

25.1%

Widows

€67,743

23.5%

Lower Income Earners

Some 41% of Irish taxpayers, 926,100 persons earned less than €20,000 in 2006 – most of which was not liable to any income tax.

Higher Income Earners

I classify 88,214 persons (less than 4% of all taxpayers) who earned €100,000, or more, in this category.  An elite cohort of 8,905 earned more than €275,000.  But some of these earned significantly more as the average earnings of this subset were €665,678.

Tax Restrictions on High Income Earners’

Regulations under the Finance Acts of 2006 and 2007 introduced, with effect from 1 January 2007, measures to limit the use of certain tax reliefs and exemptions by high-income earners.

This applies to incomes in excess of €500,000 per annum and they are required to pay an effective tax rate of approximately 20% on what is defined as a combination of adjusted income and ring-fenced income.

There were 214 Irish taxpayers with incomes in excess of €500,000 in 2007 and they paid an effective tax rate of 20.8% on this income.  The Revenue Commissioners collected €34.15 million as a consequence.

The type of reliefs that these individuals traditionally availed of include reliefs applying to artists and patent income.

The range of income and the number of taxpayers effected is as follows:

 

Adjusted Income € Number of taxpayers

500,001 to 650,000

55

650,001 to 800,000

39

800,001 to 1,000,000

35

1,000,001 to 1,500,000

48

1,500,001 to 2,000,000

12

2,000,000+

25